[Report] Recovery of large carnivores in Europe’s modern human-dominated landscapes

Many populations of brown bears, lynx, grey wolves, and wolverines persist successfully outside protected areas in Europe. Authors: Guillaume Chapron, Petra Kaczensky, John D. C. Linnell, Manuela von Arx, Djuro Huber, Henrik Andrén, José Vicente López-Bao, Michal Adamec, Francisco Álvares, Ole Anders, Linas Balčiauskas, Vaidas Balys, Péter Bedő, Ferdinand Bego, Juan Carlos Blanco, Urs Breitenmoser, Henrik Brøseth, Luděk Bufka, Raimonda Bunikyte, Paolo Ciucci, Alexander Dutsov, Thomas Engleder, Christian Fuxjäger, Claudio Groff, Katja Holmala, Bledi Hoxha, Yorgos Iliopoulos, Ovidiu Ionescu, Jasna Jeremić, Klemen Jerina, Gesa Kluth, Felix Knauer, Ilpo Kojola, Ivan Kos, Miha Krofel, Jakub Kubala, Saša Kunovac, Josip Kusak, Miroslav Kutal, Olof Liberg, Aleksandra Majić, Peep Männil, Ralph Manz, Eric Marboutin, Francesca Marucco, Dime Melovski, Kujtim Mersini, Yorgos Mertzanis, Robert W. Mysłajek, Sabina Nowak, John Odden, Janis Ozolins, Guillermo Palomero, Milan Paunović, Jens Persson, Hubert Potočnik, Pierre-Yves Quenette, Georg Rauer, Ilka Reinhardt, Robin Rigg, Andreas Ryser, Valeria Salvatori, Tomaž Skrbinšek, Aleksandar Stojanov, Jon E. Swenson, László Szemethy, Aleksandër Trajçe, Elena Tsingarska-Sedefcheva, Martin Váňa, Rauno Veeroja, Petter Wabakken, Manfred Wölfl, Sybille Wölfl, Fridolin Zimmermann, Diana Zlatanova, Luigi Boitani

[Report] De novo design of a transmembrane Zn2+-transporting four-helix bundle

Computational design yields a transmembrane protein that selectively transports zinc cations. [Also see Perspective by Lupas] Authors: Nathan H. Joh, Tuo Wang, Manasi P. Bhate, Rudresh Acharya, Yibing Wu, Michael Grabe, Mei Hong, Gevorg Grigoryan, William F. DeGrado

[New Products] New Products

A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.

[Business Office Feature] The Chinese Research Paradigm: Addressing Global Science Issues

This special supplement to Science collects together summaries of both current and previous quality research conducted at Tianjin University and supported by the "973" Program, a central government funded initiative initiated by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology in June 1997. Its primary goal is to promote the advancement of science and technology in China, emphasizing basic and applied research that is aligned with national interests that will support national economic and social development. The program covers a very diverse range of research areas, from nanotechnology to energy efficiency to agriculture. Although the research covered in this supplement is only a sample of the many projects at Tianjin University, it is intended to provide the reader with a sense of the diversity and depth of work being performed under the "973" Program. As this program grows in the future, further scientific and technological advances will no doubt be forthcoming that benefit not only China and its people, but also researchers and citizens around the world.Read the booklet (PDF, 11MB)Read the e-bookletThis booklet brought to you by the Science/AAAS Custom Publishing Office.

[Review] The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9

The advent of facile genome engineering using the bacterial RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 system in animals and plants is transforming biology. We review the history of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat) biology from its initial discovery through the elucidation of the CRISPR-Cas9 enzyme mechanism, which has set the stage for remarkable developments using this technology to modify, regulate, or mark genomic loci in a wide variety of cells and organisms from all three domains of life. These results highlight a new era in which genomic manipulation is no longer a bottleneck to experiments, paving the way toward fundamental discoveries in biology, with applications in all branches of biotechnology, as well as strategies for human therapeutics. Authors: Jennifer A. Doudna, Emmanuelle Charpentier

[Research Article] Global diversity and geography of soil fungi

Global metagenomics detects hotspots of fungal diversity and macroecological patterns and indicates that plant and fungal diversity are uncoupled. [Also see Perspective by Wardle and Lindahl] Authors: Leho Tedersoo, Mohammad Bahram, Sergei Põlme, Urmas Kõljalg, Nourou S. Yorou, Ravi Wijesundera, Luis Villarreal Ruiz, Aída M. Vasco-Palacios, Pham Quang Thu, Ave Suija, Matthew E. Smith, Cathy Sharp, Erki Saluveer, Alessandro Saitta, Miguel Rosas, Taavi Riit, David Ratkowsky, Karin Pritsch, Kadri Põldmaa, Meike Piepenbring, Cherdchai Phosri, Marko Peterson, Kaarin Parts, Kadri Pärtel, Eveli Otsing, Eduardo Nouhra, André L. Njouonkou, R. Henrik Nilsson, Luis N. Morgado, Jordan Mayor, Tom W. May, Luiza Majuakim, D. Jean Lodge, Su See Lee, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Petr Kohout, Kentaro Hosaka, Indrek Hiiesalu, Terry W. Henkel, Helery Harend, Liang-dong Guo, Alina Greslebin, Gwen Grelet, Jozsef Geml, Genevieve Gates, William Dunstan, Chris Dunk, Rein Drenkhan, John Dearnaley, André De Kesel, Tan Dang, Xin Chen, Franz Buegger, Francis Q. Brearley, Gregory Bonito, Sten Anslan, Sandra Abell, Kessy Abarenkov

[Editorial] Innovating research in China

As the most populated country in the world, China carries an immense disease burden. Thanks to the rising life expectancy of its citizens, urbanization, and lifestyle changes that have accompanied rapid economic growth, the disease spectrum in China has expanded. Noncommunicable chronic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer are now major contributors to ill health. Fortunately, an overhaul of the national health care system has been under way, with universal health care coverage now available for more than 95% of the population. Such a sea change is also needed in China's biomedical research environment. This requires transforming a system that has existed for decades. The good news is that China is not shying away from this challenge. Author: Xuetao Cao

[In Depth] A new phase in the Ebola war

As new cases drop in Liberia, experts call for a fresh strategy that would target flare-ups. Author: Kai Kupferschmidt

[Feature] Martian obsession

Black Beauty, a meteorite from ancient Mars, has captivated collectors and scientists. Author: Eric Hand

[Perspective] Big data meets public health

Human well-being could benefit from large-scale data if large-scale noise is minimized Authors: Muin J. Khoury, John P. A. Ioannidis

[Perspective] How quickly we forget

Why do we recall some things better than others? [Also see Report by Roediger and DeSoto] Author: David C. Rubin

[Perspective] Powering the cell cycle

Cell division is linked to mitochondrial protein transport [Also see Report by Harbauer et al.] Authors: Christian Schulz, Peter Rehling

This Week in Science

Biosynthetic pathway holds roots of domestication | Timing tells the structure of the unseen | Graphene: A miniature bulletproof vest? | Polluting the way to more productivity | Forgetting history one president at a time | Personalized cell therapy for skin disorder | Secrets of human ancestor evolution revealed | Undercutting the surface keeps liquids at bay | Cross talk between mitochondria and mitosis | Retaining a barrier to cancer metastasis | A mineral name for mantle perovskite | Magnetic moments in planetary history | CRISPR-cas: A revolution in genome engineering | A potential peptide to prevent tetanus? | Stimulatory signals add up for T cells | Assessing fungal diversity worldwide | Staggered incisions unhook DNA crosslinks | Deciphering information flow in T cells

Editors' Choice

Up and down the raven social ladder | Turtles' breathing evolved at a turtle's pace | Virtual reality changes neuronal firing | Looking at lipids with lasers | Insulin secretion organized in the nucleus | Sorting cells by subpopulations

[Research Article] Black hole lightning due to particle acceleration at subhorizon scales

Gamma rays that vary on a several-minute time scale suggest an origin within a supermassive black hole’s event horizon. Authors: J. Aleksić, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, P. Antoranz, A. Babic, P. Bangale, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, B. Biasuzzi, A. Biland, O. Blanch, S. Bonnefoy, G. Bonnoli, F. Borracci, T. Bretz, E. Carmona, A. Carosi, P. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, G. De Caneva, B. De Lotto, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, C. Delgado Mendez, D. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, M. Doro, S. Einecke, D. Eisenacher, D. Elsaesser, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, K. Frantzen, C. Fruck, D. Galindo, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, D. Garrido Terrats, M. Gaug, N. Godinović, A. González Muñoz, S. R. Gozzini, D. Hadasch, Y. Hanabata, M. Hayashida, J. Herrera, D. Hildebrand, J. Hose, D. Hrupec, W. Idec, V. Kadenius, H. Kellermann, K. Kodani, Y. Konno, J. Krause, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. La Barbera, D. Lelas, N. Lewandowska, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, R. López-Coto, A. López-Oramas, E. Lorenz, I. Lozano, M. Makariev, K. Mallot, G. Maneva, N. Mankuzhiyil, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, B. Marcote, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, U. Menzel, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, A. Moralejo, P. Munar-Adrover, D. Nakajima, A. Niedzwiecki, K. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, R. Orito, A. Overkemping, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, X. Paredes-Fortuny, M. Persic, J. Poutanen, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, I. Puljak, R. Reinthal, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, J. Rodriguez Garcia, S. Rügamer, T. Saito, K. Saito, K. Satalecka, V. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, C. Schultz, T. Schweizer, S. N. Shore, A. Sillanpää, J. Sitarek, I. Snidaric, D. Sobczynska, F. Spanier, V. Stamatescu, A. Stamerra, T. Steinbring, J. Storz, M. Strzys, L. Takalo, H. Takami, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, D. Tescaro, M. Teshima, J. Thaele, O. Tibolla, D. F. Torres, T. Toyama, A. Treves, M. Uellenbeck, P. Vogler, R. Zanin, M. Kadler, R. Schulz, E. Ros, U. Bach, F. Krauß, J. Wilms

[Research Article] Biosynthesis, regulation, and domestication of bitterness in cucumber

A molecular explanation is given for how sweet domestic cucumbers were derived from bitter wild cucumbers. Authors: Yi Shang, Yongshuo Ma, Yuan Zhou, Huimin Zhang, Lixin Duan, Huiming Chen, Jianguo Zeng, Qian Zhou, Shenhao Wang, Wenjia Gu, Min Liu, Jinwei Ren, Xingfang Gu, Shengping Zhang, Ye Wang, Ken Yasukawa, Harro J. Bouwmeester, Xiaoquan Qi, Zhonghua Zhang, William J. Lucas, Sanwen Huang