The main phase of the Deccan Traps eruption began 250,000 years before the end-Cretaceous extinction and lasted 750,000 years. Authors: Blair Schoene, Kyle M. Samperton, Michael P. Eddy, Gerta Keller, Thierry Adatte, Samuel A. Bowring, Syed F. R. Khadri, Brian Gertsch

A protein that is homologous to known DNA repair factors participates in nonhomologous end-joining repair. Authors: Takashi Ochi, Andrew N. Blackford, Julia Coates, Satpal Jhujh, Shahid Mehmood, Naoka Tamura, Jon Travers, Qian Wu, Viji M. Draviam, Carol V. Robinson, Tom L. Blundell, Stephen P. Jackson

A possible sensor for detecting and signaling amino acid abundance is identified. [Also see Perspective by Abraham] Authors: Shuyu Wang, Zhi-Yang Tsun, Rachel L. Wolfson, Kuang Shen, Gregory A. Wyant, Molly E. Plovanich, Elizabeth D. Yuan, Tony D. Jones, Lynne Chantranupong, William Comb, Tim Wang, Liron Bar-Peled, Roberto Zoncu, Christoph Straub, Choah Kim, Jiwon Park, Bernardo L. Sabatini, David M. Sabatini

Distinct mechanisms sense amino acids leucine and glutamine at the lysosome. [Also see Perspective by Abraham] Authors: Jenna L. Jewell, Young Chul Kim, Ryan C. Russell, Fa-Xing Yu, Hyun Woo Park, Steven W. Plouffe, Vincent S. Tagliabracci, Kun-Liang Guan

A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.

Graphene and related two-dimensional crystals and hybrid systems showcase several key properties that can address emerging energy needs, in particular for the ever growing market of portable and wearable energy conversion and storage devices. Graphene’s flexibility, large surface area, and chemical stability, combined with its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, make it promising as a catalyst in fuel and dye-sensitized solar cells. Chemically functionalized graphene can also improve storage and diffusion of ionic species and electric charge in batteries and supercapacitors. Two-dimensional crystals provide optoelectronic and photocatalytic properties complementing those of graphene, enabling the realization of ultrathin-film photovoltaic devices or systems for hydrogen production. Here, we review the use of graphene and related materials for energy conversion and storage, outlining the roadmap for future applications. Authors: Francesco Bonaccorso, Luigi Colombo, Guihua Yu, Meryl Stoller, Valentina Tozzini, Andrea C. Ferrari, Rodney S. Ruoff, Vittorio Pellegrini

Comparison of several genomes reveals the genetic history of mosquitoes’ ability to vector malaria among humans. [Also see Perspective by Clark and Messer] Authors: Michael C. Fontaine, James B. Pease, Aaron Steele, Robert M. Waterhouse, Daniel E. Neafsey, Igor V. Sharakhov, Xiaofang Jiang, Andrew B. Hall, Flaminia Catteruccia, Evdoxia Kakani, Sara N. Mitchell, Yi-Chieh Wu, Hilary A. Smith, R. Rebecca Love, Mara K. Lawniczak, Michel A. Slotman, Scott J. Emrich, Matthew W. Hahn, Nora J. Besansky

During 2014, Science worked with members of the research community, other publishers, and representatives of funding agencies on many initiatives to increase transparency and promote reproducibility in the published research literature. Those efforts will continue in 2015. Connected to that progress, and an essential element to its success, an additional focus will be on making data more open, easier to access, more discoverable, and more thoroughly documented. My own commitment to these goals is deeply held, for I learned early in my career that interpretations come and go, but data are forever. Author: Marcia McNutt

National Science Foundation project, GeoLink, could become search hub for the geoscience community. Author: Jia You

Heart researchers claim inquiry damaged their careers and derailed the sale of stem cell company. Author: Kelly Servick

Thousands of scientists—along with entire universities—have fled war-torn eastern Ukraine. Others have staked their futures on the breakaway republics. Author: Richard Stone

Inflammation doesn't just peter out. The body actively shuts it down, using signals that researchers hope to transform into therapies. Author: Mitch Leslie

Adipocytes in the skin release an antimicrobial factor to fight staphylococcus infection [Also see Report by Zhang et al.] Authors: John F. Alcorn, Jay K. Kolls

Multiple Anopheles mosquito genome sequences reveal extreme levels of mixing [Also see Research Articles by Fontaine et al. and Neafsey et al.] Authors: Andrew G. Clark, Philipp W. Messer

A soluble rhodium catalyst converts alkenes to aldehydes without the need for toxic or explosive gas-phase reactants [Also see Report by Murphy et al.] Author: Clark R. Landis

A fatty acid moves from the lysosome to the nucleus, altering gene expression and extending longevity in the worm [Also see Report by Folick et al.] Authors: Shuo Han, Anne Brunet

Men beware, when smoke gets in your Y's | A few very brief pauses in the action | Engineering a shelter for quantum protection | Crunching the numbers to explain cancer | Skin infection triggers fat responses | Targeting EV-D68, a respiratory virus | Breaking through the milligram floor | An immunological fountain of youth | Overcoming drug resistance in cancer | Layered materials power the cause | Energy conversion in complex 1 | Shifting hydroformylation into reverse | Tagging truncated proteins with CAT tails | Killing, sex, and gene swaps in bacteria | Lysosomes signal the nucleus to control aging | How bacterial populations get ready for stress | Mosquito adaptability across genomes

You are not just what, but when you eat | Origins of the Southern Hemisphere flora | How bacteria develop resistance | Assessing slow surface heating | Triglycerides, bedside to bench | Constraining the speed of tunneling | Tacking the mantle for planet formation | Human skeleton became lighter over time

Comparison of several genomes reveals the genetic history of mosquitoes’ ability to vector malaria among humans. [Also see Perspective by Clark and Messer] Authors: Daniel E. Neafsey, Robert M. Waterhouse, Mohammad R. Abai, Sergey S. Aganezov, Max A. Alekseyev, James E. Allen, James Amon, Bruno Arcà, Peter Arensburger, Gleb Artemov, Lauren A. Assour, Hamidreza Basseri, Aaron Berlin, Bruce W. Birren, Stephanie A. Blandin, Andrew I. Brockman, Thomas R. Burkot, Austin Burt, Clara S. Chan, Cedric Chauve, Joanna C. Chiu, Mikkel Christensen, Carlo Costantini, Victoria L. M. Davidson, Elena Deligianni, Tania Dottorini, Vicky Dritsou, Stacey B. Gabriel, Wamdaogo M. Guelbeogo, Andrew B. Hall, Mira V. Han, Thaung Hlaing, Daniel S. T. Hughes, Adam M. Jenkins, Xiaofang Jiang, Irwin Jungreis, Evdoxia G. Kakani, Maryam Kamali, Petri Kemppainen, Ryan C. Kennedy, Ioannis K. Kirmitzoglou, Lizette L. Koekemoer, Njoroge Laban, Nicholas Langridge, Mara K. N. Lawniczak, Manolis Lirakis, Neil F. Lobo, Ernesto Lowy, Robert M. MacCallum, Chunhong Mao, Gareth Maslen, Charles Mbogo, Jenny McCarthy, Kristin Michel, Sara N. Mitchell, Wendy Moore, Katherine A. Murphy, Anastasia N. Naumenko, Tony Nolan, Eva M. Novoa, Samantha O’Loughlin, Chioma Oringanje, Mohammad A. Oshaghi, Nazzy Pakpour, Philippos A. Papathanos, Ashley N. Peery, Michael Povelones, Anil Prakash, David P. Price, Ashok Rajaraman, Lisa J. Reimer, David C. Rinker, Antonis Rokas, Tanya L. Russell, N’Fale Sagnon, Maria V. Sharakhova, Terrance Shea, Felipe A. Simão, Frederic Simard, Michel A. Slotman, Pradya Somboon, Vladimir Stegniy, Claudio J. Struchiner, Gregg W. C. Thomas, Marta Tojo, Pantelis Topalis, José M. C. Tubio, Maria F. Unger, John Vontas, Catherine Walton, Craig S. Wilding, Judith H. Willis, Yi-Chieh Wu, Guiyun Yan, Evgeny M. Zdobnov, Xiaofan Zhou, Flaminia Catteruccia, George K. Christophides, Frank H. Collins, Robert S. Cornman, Andrea Crisanti, Martin J. Donnelly, Scott J. Emrich, Michael C. Fontaine, William Gelbart, Matthew W. Hahn, Immo A. Hansen, Paul I. Howell, Fotis C. Kafatos, Manolis Kellis, Daniel Lawson, Christos Louis, Shirley Luckhart, Marc A. T. Muskavitch, José M. Ribeiro, Michael A. Riehle, Igor V. Sharakhov, Zhijian Tu, Laurence J. Zwiebel, Nora J. Besansky

The x-ray structure of a protein complex shows how this enzyme pumps protons across the mitochondrial membrane. Authors: Volker Zickermann, Christophe Wirth, Hamid Nasiri, Karin Siegmund, Harald Schwalbe, Carola Hunte, Ulrich Brandt

Automated technology enables chemical reaction optimization using micrograms of material. Authors: Alexander Buitrago Santanilla, Erik L. Regalado, Tony Pereira, Michael Shevlin, Kevin Bateman, Louis-Charles Campeau, Jonathan Schneeweis, Simon Berritt, Zhi-Cai Shi, Philippe Nantermet, Yong Liu, Roy Helmy, Christopher J. Welch, Petr Vachal, Ian W. Davies, Tim Cernak, Spencer D. Dreher

Engineering the interactions between a quantum system and its environment leads to stable quantum states. Authors: D. Kienzler, H.-Y. Lo, B. Keitch, L. de Clercq, F. Leupold, F. Lindenfelser, M. Marinelli, V. Negnevitsky, J. P. Home

A catalyst to selectively reverse a common chemical reaction offers versatile opportunities in molecular synthesis. [Also see Perspective by Landis] Authors: Stephen K. Murphy, Jung-Woo Park, Faben A. Cruz, Vy M. Dong

Molecular beam spectroscopy reveals unanticipated transient states along particular pathways of a well-studied reaction. Authors: Tiangang Yang, Jun Chen, Long Huang, Tao Wang, Chunlei Xiao, Zhigang Sun, Dongxu Dai, Xueming Yang, Dong H. Zhang

A water-borne pathogen seeks out and captures its neighbors’ genes. Authors: Sandrine Borgeaud, Lisa C. Metzger, Tiziana Scrignari, Melanie Blokesch

The subcutaneous fat layer thickens during infection and stimulates adipocytes to secrete a protective peptide. [Also see Perspective by Alcorn and Kolls] Authors: Ling-juan Zhang, Christian F. Guerrero-Juarez, Tissa Hata, Sagar P. Bapat, Raul Ramos, Maksim V. Plikus, Richard L. Gallo

A virus that causes respiratory illness in children can be inhibited by an anti-rhinovirus drug. Authors: Yue Liu, Ju Sheng, Andrei Fokine, Geng Meng, Woong-Hee Shin, Feng Long, Richard J. Kuhn, Daisuke Kihara, Michael G. Rossmann

Stalled protein translation results in 80S ribosome– and messenger RNA–free amino acid addition to truncated proteins. Authors: Peter S. Shen, Joseph Park, Yidan Qin, Xueming Li, Krishna Parsawar, Matthew H. Larson, James Cox, Yifan Cheng, Alan M. Lambowitz, Jonathan S. Weissman, Onn Brandman, Adam Frost

Errors arising by chance during normal stem cell division explain more cancers than do hereditary or environmental factors. Authors: Cristian Tomasetti, Bert Vogelstein

Men who smoke are over three times more likely than nonsmokers to show loss of the Y chromosome in their blood cells. Authors: Jan P. Dumanski, Chiara Rasi, Mikael Lönn, Hanna Davies, Martin Ingelsson, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Lars Lannfelt, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Andrew P. Morris, David Cesarini, Magnus Johannesson, Eva Tiensuu Janson, Lars Lind, Nancy L. Pedersen, Erik Ingelsson, Lars A. Forsberg